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The West African Journal of Medicine
Vol. 42 No. 6 (2025)It is with great pleasure that we present this issue of the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM), ISSN 0189-160X, the official publication of the West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons. As a peer-reviewed journal, WAJM remains committed to advancing medical knowledge and practice across the subregion and beyond.
The Journal accepts submissions in both English and French and is indexed in PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), among other international databases, ensuring wide visibility and accessibility of published work.
In this issue, we are pleased to feature the following articles:
EDITORIAL
Emerging Technologies in Health Care: Bridging the Promise and the Gaps
G. E. Erhabor
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 421-422 PMID: 41252288
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Serial C-reactive Protein and Blood Culture in the Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis among Babies with Risk Factors for Sepsis at Uniosun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
A. O. Omoboyeje, O. J. Adebami, O. A. Oyedeji, A. Ademisoye, V. O. Kayode
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 423-429 PMID: 41252431
Pattern of Morbidities, Mortality and Healthcare Financing of Hospitalised Medical Patients (MOHOPA): The Study Protocol
K. M. Karaye, E. M. Umuerri, I. Onwuekwe, A. M. Daiyab, R. N. Sani, C. Anjorin, H. O. Iheonye, Z. G. Habib, A. Onunu, A. G. Habib, A. Ogunniyi, on behalf of the MOHOPA Study Investigators
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 430-442 PMID: 41252495
Burnout Without Borders: Exploring Burnout and the Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Medical Students Across Four Countries in Africa
K. S. Oluwadiya, A. O. Adeoti, M. I. Usman, P. O. M. Maison, G. A. Rahman, A. A. Olasinde, S. Mensah
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6):443-451 PMID: 41252609
Limitations to the Implementation of a Robotic Rehabilitation Programme for Stroke Survivors in Nigeria
A. A. Sanusi, A. F. Ogunmodede, A. Bello, A. O. Idowu, O. E. Olorunmoteni, U. C. Eke, M. B. Fawale, A. A. Adebowale, S. Ayenowowon, K. Ayodele, M. Olaogun, M. A. Komolafe
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6):452-456 PMID: 41252638
Payment Methods and Coping Strategies for Health Care Costs by Patients with Chronic Diseases in a Low-Middle Income Country
U. I. Mariere, D. S. Ogaji, O. O. Obikeze, A. D. Adesina, S. Babatunde
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 457-465 PMID: 41252669
Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) as an Index of Severity and Predictor of Functional Outcome in Acute Stroke
A. A. Sanusi, M. B. Fawale, A. O. Idowu, A. Ogunmodede, U. C. Eke, A. A. Adebowale, M. A. Komolafe
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 466-473 PMID: 41252688
Management Challenges of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Call for Urgent Action
T. O. Adedeji, J. E. Tobih, B. A. Adegbosin
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 474-481 PMID: 41252692
REVIEW ARTICLES
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Practice: Time to Join the Global Participants' Train
A. G. Akanbi, O. O. Akanbi, A. A. Adejumo, O. S. Ilori, V. O. Oyedepo, I. Aina, A. A. Olalere
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 482-493 PMID: 41252731
The Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatitis B: Ameliorating or Aggravating? A Systematic Review
S. Abere, B. Oyan, U. F. Okeke
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 494-505 PMID: 41252740
Prevalence, Mortality Rate and Risk Factors of Obstetrics-Related Venous Thromboembolism in Africa: A Systematic Review
T. U. Nwagha, C. P. Ojukwu, M. Nweke, U. I. Nwagha
West Afr J Med. June 2025; 42(6): 506-516 PMID: 41252748
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The West African Journal of Medicine
Vol. 42 No. 5 (2025)It is with great pleasure that we present this issue of the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM), ISSN 0189-160X, the official publication of the West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons. As a peer-reviewed journal, WAJM remains committed to advancing medical knowledge and practice across the subregion and beyond.
The Journal accepts submissions in both English and French and is indexed in PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), among other international databases, ensuring wide visibility and accessibility of published work.
In this issue, we are pleased to feature the following articles:
Renal Replacement Therapy and Kidney Transplantation: Addressing Gaps in Access and Outcomes
G. E. Erhabor
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 337-338 PMID: 41046450Correlates of Histologic Activity and Chronicity Indices in Adult Patients with Glomerulonephritides: A Nigerian Picture
T. A. Bamikefa, A. Adelakun, A. Adefidipe, B. Omosule, R. Ezeugonwa, B. Omotoso, M. O. Hassan, O. O. Okunola, A. A. Sanusi, F. A. Arogundade
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 339-345 PMID: 41049107Antepartum Risk Stratification and Its Influence on Labour Interventions and Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
T. Kuku-Kuye, A. M. Olumodeji, O. C. Oyebode, A. K. Adefemi, M. O. Adedeji, Y. A. Oshodi, T. A. Ottun, K. A. Rabiu
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 346-352 PMID: 41050886Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Depression among the Older Adults Attending the Family Medicine Clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto in Northwestern Nigeria
H. S. Akogwu, N. D. Baamlong, B. A. Grema, A. S. Adebisi, A. A. Kaoje, A. Abubakar
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 353-363 PMID: 41051074“Life without an Anus”: Experience of Cancer Patients Living with Colostomy in South West Nigeria
F. O. Wuraola, A. A. Aderounmu, J. Jackman, B. Yibrehu, O. Olasehinde, M. Ogunyemi, A. O. Adisa, T. P. Kingham, I. O. Alatise
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 364-371 PMID: 41051126Clinical and Ultrasonographic Correlates of Knee Pain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
A. S. Aderibigbe, O. O. Ayoola, B. A. Kolawole, O. Esan
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 372-378 PMID: 41051142The Outcome of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia
R. A. S. Altwiher, N. J. Nwashilli, A. S. Alzaid
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 379-386 PMID: 41051177Utility of Cardiac Troponin I as a Marker of Severity in Non-Ischaemic Heart Failure
A. Udosen, V. O. Ansa, I. O. Umoh, T. Shogade, B. Effiong, B. Akpu, E. Epoke, E. Udoh
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 387-393 PMID: 41051202Prevalence of Acute Heart Failure and The Role of N-Terminal Prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide among Acute Dyspnoeic Patients in the Emergency Room
O. B. Olaoye, E. A. Ajayi, O. A. Busari, O. E. Ojo, A. O. Adeoti, O. Adewuya
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 394-404 PMID: 41052371Predictors of Sleep Quality in Older Persons Attending the Outpatient Clinics in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
O. A. Akinola, E. A. Etukumana, U. M. Morgan
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 405-412 PMID: 41052398Performance and Outcome of Pioneering Kidney Transplantation in a Resource-Constrained Setting in Southeast Nigeria
C. G. Okwuonu, G. O. Achor, N. M. Erondu, O. Ekwenna, S. Alhassan, C. Abali, E. Okam, C. Ralph-Iheke, P. Ngwu, I. I. Chukwuonye, A. Onyebuchi, R. A. Balogun
West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 413-418 PMID: 41052413 -
The West African Journal of Medicine
Vol. 42 No. 4 (2025)It is with great pleasure that we present this issue of the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM), ISSN 0189-160X, the official publication of the West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons. As a peer-reviewed journal, WAJM remains committed to advancing medical knowledge and practice across the subregion and beyond.
The Journal accepts submissions in both English and French and is indexed in PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), among other international databases, ensuring wide visibility and accessibility of published work.
In this issue, we are pleased to feature the following articles:
EDITORIAL NOTE
Toward Holistic Chronic Disease Care: Addressing the Intersecting Burdens on Patients and Caregivers in Low-Resource Health Systems
G. E. Erhabor
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 251-252. PMID: 40985581
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Burden on Caregivers and Life Satisfaction Among Caregivers of Patients with Chronic Diseases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria
O. E. Anjorin, S. T. Oladejo, M. O. Salami, G. O. Adebajo, S. O. Abati, E. A. Adebunmi, A. Okunade, A. Adenle, O. Ogbogu, A. Faleye, M. O. Afolabi, A. Komolafe, O. I. Olasoji, J. O. Bamgbose, O. O. Salau, M. A. Daramola
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 253-265 PMID: 40986441Frequency of Depression and its Associated Factors Among Stroke Survivors in a Tertiary
Hospital in Nigeria
G. O. Osaigbovo, G. A. Amusa, N. H. Alkali, A. I. Zoakah
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 266-275 PMID: 40986452Contemporary Baseline Clinical Profile of Chronic Hypertensive Heart Failure in Ibadan, Nigeria
O. S. Ogah, O. A. Orimolade, A. A. Adebiyi, O. M. Adebayo, A. Aje, A. M. Adeoye, A. O. Babatunde, M. F. Okeke, O. P. Attah, F. O. Obiekwe, C. S. Onuigbo, C. M. Ogah, T. K. Afolabi, E. F. Ayodele, M. N. Odenigbo, O. O. Oladapo
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 276-283 PMID: 40986548Comparative Ultrasound Evaluation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Preeclamptic and Healthy Normotensive Pregnant Women at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
O. E. Ojeyemi, K. Ojeyemi, O. Ogunsuji, J. Akinmoladun, G. Obajimi, G. Ogbole
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 284-289 PMID: 40986640Incidence and Short-Term Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients in Southern Nigeria: A Multi-Centre Retrospective Study
O. G. Egbi, O. A. Adejumo, O. C. Okoye, S. D. Ahmed, S. S. Owolade, O. G. Edema, V. O. Ndu, C. Erohubie
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 290-297 PMID: 40986848Evaluating Serum Cystatin C as A Marker of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate in Pregnant Women: A Better Alternative to Creatinine?
O. O. Adebisi, A. K. Bakare, O. I. Adebisi, M. A. Adeniyi, A. E. Faponle, B. H. Soile, O. O. Okunola
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 298-302 PMID: 40986868A Two-Year Prospective Study of the Mechanisms and Patterns of Limb Injury in Multiply Injured Patients at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
A. Adedire, S. Olarewaju, A. J. Faniyi, G. A. Oyeniyi, O. O. Ojewuyi, A.O. Ogungbemi, O. Olayemi, O. Olanipekun, O. A. Ala, A. T. Otiti
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 303-310 PMID: 40986889REVIEW ARTICLE
Barriers and Facilitators to Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Eswatini: A Scoping Review
T. N. Maseko, J. M. Tsoka-Gwegweni, X. Dlamini, Rejoice Nkambule, Velephi Okello
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 311-320 PMID: 40986913Health-Related Social Media Misinformation: Implications for the Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
N. C. Menakaya, E. I. Unuigbe
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 321-329. PMID: 40986974CASE REPORT
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in West Africa: A Severe Aortic Stenosis Case Report
T. Majekodunmi, O. K. Oguntuga
West Afr J Med. April 2025; 42(4): 330-335 PMID: 40987259 -
The West African Journal of Medicine
Vol. 42 No. 3 (2025)It is with great pleasure that we present this issue of the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM), ISSN 0189-160X, the official publication of the West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons. As a peer-reviewed journal, WAJM remains committed to advancing medical knowledge and practice across the subregion and beyond.
The Journal accepts submissions in both English and French and is indexed in PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), among other international databases, ensuring wide visibility and accessibility of published work.
In this issue, we are pleased to feature the following articles:
EDITORIAL:
Beyond the Numbers: Stemming the Rising Tide of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
G. E. Erhabor
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 159-161 PMID: 40844817ORIGINAL ARTICLES:
Outcomes of Cervical Cerclage for Pregnancies at Risk of Cervical Insufficiency in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
I. O. Awowole, O. O. Sowemimo, A. E. Ubom, M. O. Ameen, S. B. Bola-Oyebamiji, O. A. Adeniyi
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 163-168 PMID: 40844870Assessment of Income Sources and Purchasing Power of the Elderly in a Rural Community, Anambra State, Nigeria
S. I. Ezemenahi, C. C. Ibeh, K. D. Oli, C. C. Nkwopara, S. C. Ezemenahi, U. C. Ezemenahi
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 169-177 PMID: 40844958Cardiovascular Disease Risk Related Knowledge, Perception, Behaviours, and Utilization of Routine Screening Services among a Nigerian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study
P. Oyibo, E. O. Eke, N. S. Awunor, K. O. Obohwemu, E. M. Umuerri, O. Eyawo
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 178-189 PMID: 40844960A Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Hypertension and Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Oil-and Gas-Polluted Communities in the Niger Delta Region
A. C. Mankwe, T. C. Ugwu, J. S. Aprioku, A.W. Obianime
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 190-201 PMID: 40845012General and Emergency Presentations of Children with Congenital Heart Defect and Factors Affecting it as Seen in A Tertiary Health Institution in Enugu
I. O. Arodiwe, I. A. Nwafor , F. A. Ujunwa, B. O. Edelu, J. M. Chinawa, T. A. Oguonu, N. Ezemba, J. C. Eze
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 202-207 PMID: 40845081Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Medical Students at the University College Hospital, Ibadan towards Female Genital Mutilation
O. O. Lawal, G. O. Obajimi, R. A. Abdus-Salam, P. C. Ugochukwu, M. T. Ibagbe, O. P. Atere, D. E. Aigbonoga, O. O. Bello, I. O. Morhason-Bello
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 208-214 PMID: 40845166Dietary Diversity and Food Insecurity among Medical Students of the University of Ibadan: A Cross-sectional Study
D. A. Oladipo, O. O. Akintimehin, F. O. Samuel
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 215-224 PMID: 40845189Risk of Insufficient Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Rivers State Nigeria
U. D. Batubo, B. Oyan, U. Umoren, S. Ogbamba, S. Abere, C. N. Unachukwu
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 225-230 PMID: 40845204Effects of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use on Fasting Blood Glucose Among Adult Type 2 Diabetics Attending General Outpatient Clinic in North Central Nigeria: Any Benefits?
N. L. P De-kaa, B. O. Ornguga, N. A. Akwaras, L. T. Swende, D. A. Daniel, M. N. Ocheifa, V. N. Shaahu, T. J. Igbudu
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 231-239 PMID: 40845372Barriers and Enablers of Antihypertensive Adherence Among a Nigerian Adult Hypertensive Population Seeking Care in Public Secondary Health Facilities in Delta State, Nigeria: A Mixed Methods Study
P. Oyibo, O. Uwomano, K. O. Obohwemu, I. F. Ndioho, E. O. Eke, E. M. Umuerri
West Afr J Med. March 2025; 42 (3): 240-247 PMID: 40845429 -
The West African Journal of Medicine
Vol. 42 No. 2 (2025)It is with great pleasure that we present this issue of the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM), ISSN 0189-160X, the official publication of the West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons. As a peer-reviewed journal, WAJM remains committed to advancing medical knowledge and practice across the subregion and beyond.
The Journal accepts submissions in both English and French and is indexed in PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), among other international databases, ensuring wide visibility and accessibility of published work.
In this issue, we are pleased to feature the following articles:
EDITORIALS
Confronting the Hidden Wounds-Prioritising Mental Health in Communities affected by Armed Conflicts
G. E. Erhabor
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):79-80 PMID: 40618326Ending Nuclear Weapons, Before they End us
Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, irginia Barbour, Marion Birch, Inga Blum, Peter Doherty, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton; Kati Juva, Jose F. Lapena Jr, Robert Mash,Olga Mironova, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N. Naumova, David Onazi, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Carlos Umaña, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):80-82 PMID: 40618374ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Predictors of Erectile Dysfunction among Nigerian Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
A. M. Badmus, S. O. Ikuerowo, E. A. Jeje, A. A. Abolarinwa, O. A. Omisanjo
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):83-89 PMID: 40618378
Work-Related Stress among Academic Staff of a Higher Institution in South-west, Nigeria:
A Cross-sectional Study
O. Q. Bakare, A. O Coker, M. Saibu, T. O. Durojaiye
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):90-96 PMID: 40618379Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cases in Benin City
D. O. Owolabi, I. Obahiagbon, M. O. Udoh, C. Owobu, V. J. Ekanem, J. O. Ogunbiyi, A. N. Olu-Eddo
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):97-103 PMID: 40618380Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Epicenter of the Boko Haram Insurgency: Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates
A. W. Ibrahim, U. B. Musami, Y. A. Kareem, M. Y. Mahmood, A. I. Halid, B. K. Machina, F. B. Shettima, A. Ashiru, P. N. Ogualili
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):104-113 PMID: 40618382Paracetamol-Diclofenac Versus Pentazocine-Diclofenac for Post-Caesarean Section Pain Relief: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
J. O. Chionuma, T. O. Odetayo, A. M. Olumodeji, O. A. Makinde, A. Gbadegeshin
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):114-120 PMID: 40618387
Prevalence and Determinants of Malocclusion among Preschool Children in Maiduguri
T. O. Ligali, A. E. Oromakinde
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):121-126 PMID: 40618390Assessing Fibrosis and Steatosis utilizing Transient Elastography (Fibroscan) in Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Experience from UBTH, Benin City, Nigeria
R. A. Ugiagbe, E. E. Ugiagbe, A. O. Malu
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):127-136 PMID: 40618414Effects of Footwear Types on Balance and Risk of Falls among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
C. P. Ojukwu, J. S. Eleojo, O. J. Nebo, N. E. Ubochi, E. M. Anekwu, I. J. Ilo
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):137-142 PMID: 40618418Promoting Adolescents Oral Health: Effectiveness of Two Oral Health Educational Methods among Senior Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria
U. I. Ekowmenhenhen, O. O. Sofola, O. G. Uti, U. Odogu, A. Akande, O. J. Oluwaleti
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):143-151 PMID: 40618419CASE REPORT
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Multiple Provider Enhanced Adherence Counselling in the Improvement of Treatment Outcomes amongst Adolescents Living with HIV (ALHIV): A Case Series
T. O. Adebawojo, O. M. Oladosu, A. O. Onifade, E. Hambolu
West Afr J Med February 2025; 42 (2):152-156 PMID: 40618420
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