ORIGINAL: Clinical and Ultrasonographic Correlates of Knee Pain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

West Afr J Med. May 2025; 42(5): 372-378 PMID: 41051142

Abstract

Background and objectives: To ascertain the prevalence of knee pain in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients and to compare associated structural ultrasonographic arthritic changes with non-diabetic controls. Associations between T2DM knee pain, clinical variables and ultrasonographic arthritic changes were also investigated.

Methods: Using a high frequency linear ultrasound probe (7.5-12MHz), both knees of 78 consecutive T2DM patients and 30 age and sex matched non-diabetic controls without knee pain were scanned.

Results: Seventy-eight T2DM patients and 30 controls with mean ages of 63.0±10.4years (M:F = 1:1.9) and 2.3±10.5years (M:F = 1:0.9) respectively were studied. Forty (51.8%) T2DM patient presented with unilateral or bilateral knee pain while clinical pes anserinus tendinitis bursitis syndrome (PATBS) was diagnosed exclusively in 8 female T2DM patients, constituting 10.0% of the total T2DM group. At least 1 positive ultrasonographic arthritic change was found in 98.5% T2DM knees with pain, 86.8% T2DM knee without pain, and 69.2 % control knees (p< 0.05). Independent predictors of knee joint pain are age >60 years (OR=3.5), obesity (OR=2.9), and medial meniscal protrusion (OR=8.7).

Conclusions: Ultrasonographic arthritic changes are highly prevalent in T2DM patients with and without knee pain. Independent predictors of knee joint pains are age > 60 years, obesity, and medial meniscal protrusion.