ORIGINAL: Comparative Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity and pH of Saliva in Children with and without Early Childhood Caries

West Afr J Med. 2024 May; 41 (5): 524-533 PMID: 39197078

Abstract

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC), a type of tooth decay that affects preschool children, is a complex chronic disease resulting from an imbalance of multiple risk factors and protective factors of tooth decay, over time. The antioxidant system in saliva is one of its defense mechanisms against disease agents. The pH of saliva also affects the integrity of the oral cavity, hence caries susceptibility.

Objective: The study assessed and compared the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pH of saliva in children with and without ECC.

Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva, using the passive drool method was obtained from children with and without ECC, matched for age and gender. The samples were analyzed for TAC using the phosphomolybdenum assay technique, and pH with a hand-held digital pH meter. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Association between categorical variables was determined using Chi-square, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means. The level of significance (p-value) was set at 5% (0.05).

Results: A total of 68 children were examined (34 with ECC and 34 without ECC). The mean TAC in the ECC group was (0.53± 0.2) which was higher than the mean TAC of (0.36± 0.1) in the group without ECC. The mean pH (6.17±0.5) in the ECC group was lower than the mean pH (6.74± 0.5) in the caries-free group. The difference was statistically significant, p value<0.001.

Conclusion: The saliva samples of children with ECC contained higher mean TAC and lower pH values compared to those without, who had lower mean TAC and higher pH values. This suggests a relationship between antioxidant production and cariogenesis. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between TAC and the pH of saliva in children with ECC.