Observational Study: Short Term Visual and Refractive Outcome following Surgical Intervention for Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) in Children in a Tertiary Eye Hospital

West Afr J Med . 2022 Nov 30;39(11):1174-1179

Abstract

Background: PCO occurs commonly postoperatively following cataract extraction in children, obscuring vision as did the initial cataract. It may require a second surgical procedure when it is dense. It is expected that this results in restoration of vision and it is important to ascertain that this is the case as well as to examine any significant changes in refraction thereafter.

Methods: A retrospective observational study extracting demographic and clinical information from case notes of patients who had membranectomy and/or capsule polishing between October 2017 and September 2018.

Results: 57 eyes of 51 patients were enrolled. There was a 2:1 male: female ratio. Mean age at cataract surgery was 6.33± 3.59years whilst that for PCO surgery was 9.68±3.89years. Postoperative visual acuity (by WHO definition) was good (between 6/6 and 6/18) in 33.3%, compared to 8.8% preoperatively. Whereas presenting visual acuity was poor (<6/60) in 61.4% preoperatively, this reduced to 30% postoperatively. Visual outcome was influenced by age at cataract surgery, age at PCO surgery, interval between cataract and PCO surgery and type of cataract. Children >8 years of age at time of PCO surgery had a greater proportion of good post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (52.6%), whilst 75% of children younger than 8years at time of surgery turned out with poor BCVA after surgery. Developmental cataracts proportionately had the best outcome of visual acuity. There was a range of refractive shift of +0.25D to - 5.25D with a mean myopic shift of -1.51D following membranectomy. CONCLUSION: There was a good proportion of children with significant improvement in visual acuity on the short term, and a mild myopic shift following membranectomy.

Keywords: Cataract; Membranectomy; Myopic shif; Posterior Capsule Opacification; Visual outcome.

Q I Sazzad ¹, M Hossain ¹, H Alimi ², M Khatun ¹, M R Chowdhury ¹, S Toufique ¹, S M Naznin ¹